PESTS OF RICE
More than 100 insect species are associated with the rice crop at one stage or the other and 20 of these are pests of major economic significance. Among the sucking pests, BPH, GLH, WBPH, rice earhead bug pose severe threat to rice production.
PESTS OF RICE (BORERS AND FOLIAGE FEEDERS)
Yellow stem borer, leaf folder, gall midge, other defoliators are important and cause significant reduction in yield in rice growing areas.
PESTS OF RICE (BORERS AND FOLIAGE FEEDERS)
Yellow stem borer, leaf folder, gall midge, other defoliators are important and cause significant reduction in yield in rice growing areas.
PESTS OF PULSES – BLACK GRAM, GREEN GRAM, LABLAB AND COWPEA
One of the major constraints for low yield of pulse crop is the extensive damage caused by insect pests. About 250 insects have been recorded feeding on pulse crops. Of these, about one dozen insects including pod borers, stem borers, leaf miners, foliage caterpillars, cutworms, jassids, aphids and whiteflies are most important. Some polyphagous insects also feed on these crops and cause considerable damage.
PESTS OF PULSES – RED GRAM & CHICKPEA
Pod borers, blue butterfly, mites as vectors cause significant yield reduction in redgram.
PESTS OF COCONUT
PESTS OF OIL SEEDS – GROUNDNUT, SUNFLOWER AND SAFFLOWER
Oilseeds occupy a prominent place among the principal commercial crops grown in India. The important oilseeds cultivated in India are Brassica sp, groundnut, sunflower, safflower, castor, sesame and linseed. These crops are damaged by number of pests, of which mustard aphid, mustard sawfly and the painted bug are the most serious. The aphid is the most serious pest on brassica oilseeds throughout India. On groundnut crop, the white grub has recently assumed serious proportions in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh. The leaf miner and the red hairy caterpillar are the serious in central and southern India. The groundnut aphid is a menace throughout the groundnut growing areas. Its incidence during different years varies with rainfall. Intermittent rains have a depressing effect on the aphid population.
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PESTS OF COTTON – SAP FEEDERS & FOLIAGE FEEDERS
More than 1326 species of insects have been reported attacking cotton in the world. However, in India, only 162 species have been recorded, among which only 15 species may be called as major pests due to their occurrence in serious proportions almost every year.the introduction of Bt cotton has caused changes in insect pest complex in cotton ecosystem. The incidence of bollworm viz., American bollworm, pink bollworm and spotted bollworm is low on Bt cotton. However, Bt cotton does not provide effective control of tobacco caterpillar and sucking pests viz., aphid, whitefly and mealy bug.
Cotton bollworms are the most destructive group of insects found on cotton in all cotton growing areas of the world. There are three kinds of bollworms, viz., spotted bollworm, green bollworm and pink bollworm. Among the three, the spotted bollworm occurs early, when the plant is 15-20 cm height and continues to feed on shoot. The other two occur from square formation stage, and pink bollworm continues till picking of kapas and goes even to ginning mills.
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PESTS OF SUGARCANE – BORERS AND ROOT FEEDERS
As many as 200 species of insect pests have been reported to cause damage to the sugarcane crop at one stage or the other of crop growth. However, borers, white grub and termite in ratoon crops are recognized as major pests. Among the borers, top borer is of concern in North India. Early shoot borer and internode borer are prevalent throughout the sugarcane growing areas. Gurdaspur borer and stalk borer have gained prominence in North and North western parts of the country.
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Sugarcane Sap and Foliage Feeders
New pests emerge periodically and cause production losses in sugarcane. e.g., Pyrilla, Sugarcane Woolly Aphid (SWA) etc. Among the pests, SWA has become a major constraint especially in the states of Maharashtra and Karnataka during last two years and has spread to Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Again the mealy bug is more prevalent in tropical India than in northern regions.
Pests of Sunhemp, Jute and Mesta
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Tobacco :: Index ::Pests of Tobacco
It is paradoxical that tobacco, which yields nicotine-a very effective insecticide, suffers from damage by many insect pests right from sowing to the leaf kept in storage. This is because of either selective feeding in phloem as in aphids or efficient excretory mechanism as in tobacco hornworm or capacity to metabolize nicotine to nontoxic cotinine and other alkaloids.
Caterpillars of various types including borers invade the nurseries as well as the fields. The ground beetles cut the young transplants causing gaps in the fields, aphids infest plants in the growth stage and suck juice from the leaves, and by secreting honey-dew on which sooty mould develops, makes the leaves unfit for curing. Capsule borers attack capsules and sometimes also climb down to feed on leaves. Apart from these, there are other pests such as crickets, grass hoppers, white flies, thrips and stink bugs which cause damage. |
Pests of Mango
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There are number of insect pests of this fruit and over 175 species of insect have been reported damaging mango tree but the most abundant and destructive at the flowering stage are the mango hoppers. Also mango mealy bug in North India, stem borer, fruit fly, mango nut weevil and caterpillar pests plat a major role in bringing down the yield. It is almost necessary to control these pests otherwise there is a heavy fruit drop and the trees may remain without fruit. |
Citrus :: Index :: Pests of Citrus
There are large number of insect pests of citrus which are widely distributed. Their attack is one of the factors contributing to the problem of citrus decline observed in various parts of India and South Asia. Citrus psyllid, leafminer, blackfly and whitefly are destructive pests which are responsible for reduced quality of fruits and fruit drops. Borers in old orchards are a threat to sustain the productivity.
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Pests of Banana and Cashew
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Pests of Guava, Pomegranate and Sapota
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Pests of Apple, Grapes and Ber
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BRINJAL AND TOMATO::INDEX:: PESTS OF BRINJAL AND TOMATO
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TOMATO | BRINJAL |
CHILLIES AND PEAS :: INDEX:: PEST OF CHILLIES AND PEAS
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CHILLY | PEAS |
OKRA AND CUCURBITS :: Index :: Pests of Okra & Cucurbits
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CUCURBITS | OKRA |
RUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES :: INDEX :: PESTS OF CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES
Crucifers are attacked by several pests among which diamondback moth is the most challenging and destructive as it has developed resistance to more than 40 insecticides. Aphids and mustard saw fly are equally destructive under North Indian conditions.
TUBER VEGETABLES :: INDEX :: PEST OF TUBER VEGETABLES
AMARANTHUS AND MORINGA :: INDEX :: PESTS OF AMARANTHUS AND MORINGA
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PEST OF ONION,GARLIC,TURMERIC AND GINGER :: INDEX :: PEST OF ONION,GARLIC,TURMERIC AND GINGER
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PEPPER,CARDAMOM,BETELVINE :: INDEX :: PESTS OF PEPPER, CARDAMOM AND BETELVINE
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CARDAMOM | PEPPER | BETELVINE |
TEA AND COFFEE :: INDEX :: PESTS OF TEA AND COFFEE
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PEST OF TEA | PEST OF COFFEE |
ROSE AND JASMINE :: INDEX :: PESTS OF ROSE AND JASMINE
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PEST OF ROSE | PEST OF JASMINE |
ORNAMENTAL PLANTS :: INDEX :: PESTS OF ORNMENTAL PLANTS
STORED GRAIN :: INDEX :: STORED GRAIN PEST
STORED GRAIN PESTS
In India, post-harvest losses caused by unscientific storage, insects, rodents, micro-organisms etc., account for about 10 per cent of total food grains. The major economic loss caused by grain infesting insects is not always the actual material they consume, but also the amount contaminated by them and their excreta which make food unfit for human consumption. About 500 species of insects have been associated with stored grain products. Nearly 100 species of insect pests of stored products cause economic losses
Storage insect pests are categorized into two types viz.
- Primary storage pests : Internal and External feeders
- Secondary storage pests
Primary storage pests: Insects that damages sound grains are primary storage pests
